World War I And II - 1057 Words

Two of the most agonizing periods in the 20th century, World War I and II, left a lasting impact on society economically, politically, and socially. As we have read in detailed archives on both world catastrophes, the nature in which violence shaped society after the war varied greatly. Ernst Jà ¼nger in Storm of Steel shares his heroic memoirs from fighting on the German front in World War I. Art Spiegelman tells the very personal and emotional story of his father, a survivor of World War II’s Holocaust. Throughout the war, Ernst reminds us of his heroism and his withstanding sacrifice, up until he is badly injured and no longer able to fight. Ernst is proud of his achievements in the war, and shares his book with the world so that we can admire his heroism. Where as Art Spiegelman’s parent’s, lived on after the Holocaust depressed—Art’s mother committed suicide 23 years after the war! After reading these two accounts, the biggest difference bet ween World War I and World War II, was how society reacted to the violence and harsh conditions enforced upon them. Civilians after World War I persevered their struggles to counteract the destruction that impeded their nation’s growth. On the other hand, Civilians of World War II were left in a state turmoil. With the formation of alliances fifty years prior to the start of the war, the enhancement of arsenal, and the preparation of combat tactics, World War I was a proverbial ticking-time bomb ready to detonate. Beginning in theShow MoreRelatedWorld War I and World War II700 Words   |  3 PagesMany people know about World War I and World War II seeing that they are a couple of the world’s most famous wars. Have you ever wondered how much you really know? This paper is here to inform you of all of the propaganda used to persuade people to follow Hitler, the Nazi party, and Stalin, terms that were used during this time period, and some of the very important people involved in World War I and in World War II. In the heat of World War I there were two groups, the Allies and the Central PowersRead MoreWar I And World War II919 Words   |  4 Pageshistorians debate rather World War I and World War II were two different parts to the same war or if they are separate and distinct wars. Even though World War I and World War II were very different wars, and there were many years in between the two, the outcomes of World War I caused for World War II to happen because of unresolved issues. World War II is a continuation of World War I. World War I lasted four years and was the first total war in history. Before World War I Europe was doing well theyRead MoreThe War I And World War II1660 Words   |  7 Pagesin thehistory of the world were World War I and World War II. World War I occurred from 1914 to 1918. World War I was caused by militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism and assassination (MANIA). The first four causations were more of a build-up to it. Then, once the Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, the buildup was sparked. This can be compared to pouring gasoline on the ground and then lighting it on fire. World War II occurred from 1939 to 1945.World War II was caused by the discontentRead MoreWar I And World War II1517 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout history the United States has been involved in many different wars. Their involvement has brought forth many significant events and changes that have affected the American way of life. I will briefly discuss the events and the United States involvement in World War I and World War II. I will give a brief overview of both wars and explain exactly how and why the United States joined in each. The term First World War was first used in 1914 by Ernst Haeckel, who stated that, there is noRead MoreWorld War I And II1389 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1914 World War I broke out and not too long after World War II followed. This conflict led countries against each other and in contrast brought them together. New developments and changes occurred following this war just as they did previous ones. The world is constantly altering itself and wars help speed this up by following with advancements in technology, philosophy, and literature. Change resulting from WWI was either frowned upon or embraced and new forms of expression arose within art,Read MoreThe War I And World War II1191 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction During World War I and World War II life back home changed excessively. When the soldiers went to fight in World War 1 and World War 2, women and children had to replace men in the workforce. There was an increase in those affected by the trauma of the wars, and the birth-rates dropped during this time. Family Families were affected by the trauma and exposure of the war, causing mental illnesses such as depression. Young children had been exposed to the trauma of war. A great deal of pressureRead MoreThe War I And World War II944 Words   |  4 PagesFrom piles of bodies in no man’s land to Jewish death camps, the level of violence found within World War I and World War II was extreme even for wartime standards. These experiences shaped generations to come through the memories passed on by those who lived through such atrocities. Both Ernst Junger and Art Spiegelman carry on these memories through the book Storm of Steel and graphic novel Maus. Their pieces both give glimpses into the lives of the past and the violence in which those individualsRead MoreWorld War I And The War II1518 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II was a war that ended in much tragedy. There were over 60 million casualties. Throughout World War II there was how it started, the Nazi Regime, and some of the major battles. Much of the war was about the Germans bringing together a group of people called the Nazis. They were under the rule of Adolf Hitler. There were two groups fighting against each other: the Axis powers and the Allied powers. The Axis powers consisted of Japan, Italy, and Germany. The Allied powers were GreatRead MoreWar I And World War II771 Words   |  4 Pagessought to stay out of both World War I and World War II only to be pulled in by intense happenings that inflicted chaos on the nations people. World War II would be a time in American history that would bring many fresh war tactics and developments, that helped to pull a depraved nation from the depths of a depression as well as pledge the freedom and prosperity of its opposing nations. Dangerous discoveries will be made in the world would be left to be governed by two world powers. Hoping to remainRead MoreWar I And World War II1264 Words   |  6 Pages During any war, there will alwaAys be alliances made which stick even after the war has been dissolved. Postwar foreign policy after wars such as World War I and World War II was complicated and both had their similarities and differences from each other. World War I (WWI) strengthened our international relations with many countries, It also deteriorated some relations as well and set the stage for America becoming a great power. World War II (WWII) had some of the same effects, solidating our

The Energy Stored On Various Foods Using A Homemade...

The Energy Stored In Various Foods Using a Homemade Calorimeter Naomi Hernandez Little Rock Central High The Energy Stored in Various Foods Using a Homemade Calorimeter The purpose of this experiment is to investigate how the caloric energy in food varies in different foods and the correlation between high fat foods and calories using a homemade calorimeter. The hypothesis is that if foods with higher fat content have more energy than nonfat food, then fatty foods with more caloric energy will have higher measurements on the calorimeter, because fatty foods have calories than other foods. As the content of fat in food rises the energy stored in that food will be greater than nonfat foods. â€Å"A calorie is a unit of energy† though it does†¦show more content†¦With an excess of calories, an individual could become overweight or obese, because the calories not used for used for basic functions are converted into fat for later usage. If the individual does not participate in physical activity, the remaining fat will not be burned off, leading to ex cess of fat (Abdallah, et al. n.d.). Too many empty calories, or calories with no nutritional value, increase the chances of obesity and other weight related issues. These calories derive form added sugar and solid fats (Weight Management, .n.d.) Solid fats refer to fats that are solid at room temperature such as: â€Å"butter, milk fat, beef fat (tallow, suet), chicken fat, cream, pork fat (lard), stick margarine, shortening, hydrogenated oils, coconut oil, palm and palm kernel oils†. Although some are named oils, it is because they derive from plants, they are considered solid fats because of the high concentration in saturated and fatty acids(Calories. n.d.). â€Å"Fats are concentrated sources of calories†, and foods with added sugars or eaten in large portions can account to an excess in calories and lead to weight gain (How Do I, .n.d.). So foods with greater empty calories that tend to have solid fats lead excess in fat. For the purpose or this experiment food s that either are or have

Bacteriophage and depolymerase Free Essays

Introduction Bacteriophage which is also known as bacteria eater refers to viruses that infect bacteria.Bacteriophages are known to only replicate within host cells and must attach to a specific receptor on the surface of a bacteria cell to initiate infection. The contact between the phage and the receptor is very definite which means that a phage type will only bind to a particular receptor molecule thus all bacteriophage are not alike. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacteriophage and depolymerase or any similar topic only for you Order Now Depolymerase refers to an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of macromolecules to simpler molecules. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly described as an opportunistic pathogen that causes morbidity and mortality in humans, animals and plants. Due to its exceptionally high metabolic versatility in utilizing numerous organic compounds and its adaptability to various conditions, it can be commonly found in terrestrial soil, fresh water environments and can grow in a variety of low-nutrient conditions. Bacteria and depolymerase are linked together due to the fact that the depolymerase helps the bacteria by breaking down large molecules and making it easier for the bacteria to attach to the host. Figure 1-Diagram of a bacteriophage Background information-basic information on Bacteriophages Bacteriophage are host specific viruses that targets only certain types of bacteria. They are made up of outer protein caspid enclosing a genetic material which could be SSRNA,dsRNA,ssDNA or dsNA.Bacteriophages are very common in places like soil, sewage or reservoirs infected by bacteria hosts. It’s been suggested that bacteriophage might be an effective way to treat bacterial infections but studies showed that they are quickly removed from the body and hence show little clinical value therefore mostly used in the laboratory. Biofilms are made up of bacteria and other microbial cells attached directly to a solid phosphate or indirectly through associated expolysaccharides and other polymetric material. The nature of a biofilm depends on the nature of the attached microorganisms and of polymers which they secrete. The physiological conditions also greatly affect biofilm thickness and physical properties. Large numbers of phages are found in many environments as biofilms. The evidence of the ability of bacteriophage –borne polysaccharide depolymerase enzymes to degrade bacterial polysaccharides have been proved (Adams Park 1956),Phage polysaccharide depolymerase are commonly seen in electron micrographs as spikes attached to the phage baseplate.In a liquid culture,degredation of bacterial capsular material by phage-borne polysaccharide depolymerise occurs in a defined sequence. The phage depolymerise binds to the capsular material which is the secondary receptor and degrades the polymer until it reaches the cell surface where it binds to an outer membrane receptor which is the primary receptor and infects the bacterium.Therefore,bacterial lysis will occur.This however results to a clear area in the lawn of growing cells host cells. The clearing that occurs is called a plaque and each plaque is believed to have originated from the replication events that began with one bacteriophage (virion).When the number of plaque forming units is counted, t he number of virus infectious units present in the original sample can be calculated. This procedure also permits the isolation of pure virus stains. If a plaque originated from a single virion, then all the virons in that plaque should be genetically identical. Some of the virus from the plaque can be picked and inoculated into a fresh bacterial culture inorder to establish a pure virus line (Madigan et al 2007) The purpose of this review is to isolate a bacteriophage capable of infecting a specific host bacterium. The improvement of an environmental sample ie water, for the presence of bacteriophages infecting a particular host can be carried out by inoculating water sample with the host organism and waiting for lysis to occur.Isolating of bacteriophage allows the determination of bacteriophage particles which are capable of initiating productive infections of their host bacterium in the original sample. The use of the selective enrichment in this review is to increase the probability that colonies of the desired organism would be formed. Any type of bacteria strain can be infected by bacteriophage like ecoli, pseudomonas, and salmonella. This study is based on the isolation of a bacteria strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa, not all pseudomonas strains are similar but Variability exists in the growth, curves and antibiotic resistance of different pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Different hypothesis have shown that isolates of p.aeruginosa could also possess some differences in their surface molecules and as a result differences in the phage receptors present on their surfaces. Mechanisms by which bacteria Infects host cells are:Adsorption,Sheath Contraction and Nucleic Acid Injection. Different methods are used for the isolation of bacteriophage from water according to different articles. Khan, N. H., Shii, Y., Kimata-Kino, N., Esaki, H., Nishino, T., Nishimura, M., Kogure, K. (2007). stated that bacteria can be isolated by different ways which include: Water sampling- In this process, selective and non selective agar culture were used for to isolate and identify P.aerruginosa and appropriate volumes of water samples are filtered using sterilized plates and Nutrient Broth agar. Identification by BD phoenix system-The phoenix system uses one identification (ID) and AST (antimicrobial susceptibility) combination panel with the ID substrates on one side and the microbial drugs on the other. Serotyping- Sereotyping for O-group specific abntigen was carried out by using P.aeruginosa kit and all isolates were tested for O-goup specific antigens. Purified Gel Electrophoresis-This was used to clarify genetic relatedness among the strains. Wuthiekanun V,Dance DAB,Wattanagon Y,SupputtamonGKOL Y,Chaowagul W and White N.J(1990) isolated pseudomonas using Ashdown’s medium.The use of this KEY WORDS: Bacteriophage, Depolymerase, Biofilm, Pseudomonas, REFERENCES De Groat, A (1927) The bacteriophage: method of isolation: journal of immunology.14:175-179. Khan, N. H., Shii, Y., Kimata-Kino, N., Esaki, H., Nishino, T., Nishimura, M., Kogure, K. (2007). Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from open ocean and comparison with freshwater, clinical, and animal isolates. Microbial Ecology, 53(2), 173-186. doi: 10.1007/s00248-006-9059-3 Kenezevic P, Kostanjsek, R, Obrenht D,and petrovic, O (2009) Isolation of pseudomonas aeruginosa specific phage with broad activity spectra : curr Microbiol :59:173-180 Wuthiekanun V,Dance DAB,Wattanagon Y,SupputtamonGKOL Y,Chaowagul W and White N.J(1990) The use of selective media for the isolation of pseudomonas pseudomallei in clinical practice:journal of medical microbiology Vol 33.121-126 Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2000, p. 1416-1422, Vol. 66, No. 4 0099-2240/00/$ Microbiology and immunology online.http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/phage.htm http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/135/10/2569?view=longpmid=2632664 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.853541.x/pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750288?log$=activity http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/144/11/3039.pdf How to cite Bacteriophage and depolymerase, Essay examples

European Self Reflection

Question: Discuss about the European Self Reflection. Answer: It is important to engage self-reflection on one's experience over a given subject (Bruun, Lammers, Srensen, 2013). We are exposed to various issues in our communities, families, and workplaces. This personal reflection explains my experience on issues facing community development and issues that arise while working as a team in a project. Teamwork promotes creative and critical thinking skills for the members (Littlejohn, Milligan, Margaryan, 2012). I learned that the achievement of project goals by a team has pitfalls since some members are free riders. I noted that when some members of a group are free riders, the project goals and activities get sabotaged. However, with effective collaboration, the team produced reasonable results. What made me happy is how the project manager assigned duties to every member to control free riding. Some team members did not want to share their ideas, never assisted the group to solve conflicts, never listened to colleagues ideas, and let their partners do all their works. I learned that, when some members of the panel get lazy, the project goals cannot get realized. Also, I noted that it is important to share my ideas with the partners so as to make sound decisions about the project success. I was happy of how the project manager emphasized on team work. Personally, I have been working with different teams who come from various communities. In all groups, we have made numerous improvements on how we handle tasks. We have improved our technology by creating a server set up over which ideas about our projects are shared. Unlike the past, we can communicate on one platform and invite different perspectives on how to achieve project results. I learned that the success of a project is both personal and a collective act. Individual team members innovate ideas and share them collectively with the entire group. I observed that once individual ideas get respect from the team, then a collective thought is encouraged. I noted that collective knowledge is supported by virtual interactions amongst the group. In my field work internship, I learned that people from different communities have different social beliefs and norms of life. My project manager informed me that while interviewing community members from various areas on their perceptions of drug abuse, I should approach the people differently (Littlejohn, Milligan, Margaryan, 2012). I noted that the various communities have different opinions on substance abuse due to their cultural beliefs. In respect to drug usage by communities, I have seen the local leaders doing something good to address this matter. From their feedback, I realized that the local government authorities have been organizing anti-drug consumption road shows in the community to educate people on the adverse effects of its use. However, I see for myself people carelessly drinking in bars. I am glad that everyone who we interviewed in the field work gave maximum cooperation and did not frustrate us. I am so proud to be one of the reasons behind this success, and I am assured that every team member was happy about how the entire project was a success. I enjoyed working with the team and the community. References Bruun, L., Lammers, K., Srensen, G. (Eds.). (2013).European Self-reflection Between Politics and Religion: The Crisis of Europe in the 20th Century. Springer. Littlejohn, A., Milligan, C., Margaryan, A. (2012). Charting collective knowledge:Supporting self-regulated learning in the workplace.Journal of Workplace Learning,24(3), 226-238.